Altered antioxidant enzyme activity with severity and comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in South Indian population

Table 2 Association of significant clinical characteristics of the COPD patients according to GOLD Stage classification using Spirometry parameters

GOLD stage classification of COPD patients
Spirometry parameter	GOLD stage II Mean ± SEM (n = 28)	GOLD stage III Mean ± SEM (n = 42)	GOLD stage IV Mean ± SEM (n = 57)
FEV_1, % predicted	60.08 ± 0.38**	38.85 ± 0.31**	20.76 ± 0.25**
FVC, % predicted	85.91 ± 0.47**	58.32 ± 0.38**	42.18 ± 0.37**
FEV₁/FVC, % predicted	70.21 ± 0.46	67.18 ± 0.05**	50.55 ± 0. 04**
PaO2 (mmHg)	57.08 ± 0.27	57.60 ± 0.20	57.60 ± 0.16
SaO2 (%)	87.33 ± 0.33**	89.92 ± 0.34**	92.23 ± 0.29**

Variables are expressed as Mean ± SEM, standard error of the mean; All p values were calculated using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Non-significant p values, p > 0.05, **p < 0.01. FEV1: GOLD stage II vs. III vs. IV, **p < 0.01; FVC: GOLD stage II vs. III vs. IV **p < 0.01; FEV1/FVC: GOLD stage II vs III, p > 0.05; GOLD stage II vs. III vs. IV, **p < 0.01; PaO2 (mmHg): GOLD stage II vs. III vs. IV, p > 0.05; SaO2 (%): GOLD stage II vs III vs. IV p > 0.05; GOLD stage II vs IV, **p < 0.01
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, GOLD Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; GOLD stage classification: GOLD II- Moderate COPD, GOLD III - Severe COPD, GOLD IV - Very severe COPD; FEV ₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC force vital capacity, FEV ₁ /FVC forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio; PaO2 Partial pressure of oxygen, SaO2 Arterial oxygen saturation

ISSN: 2054-9040