Table 1 Results of the selected diagnostic tests

Hypercarbia (PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg) and hypoxemia (PaO₂ < 55 mmHg) based on arterial blood gas analysis

82% (64)

VC < 1 L (<50% of the predicted value), FEV₁ < 0.5 L (<40% of the predicted value), MVV < 50% of the predicted value, FEV₁/VC <0.7 in pulmonary function tests

98% (76)

Confirmed pneumothorax with diffuse emphysema and subpleural bullae from CT or chest X-ray

100% (78)

Breath-holding test < 15 s

95% (74)