Table 3 Association between beta-blockers and all–cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in observational studies
From: Beta-blockers in patients with chronic obstructive disease and coexistent cardiac illnesses
Population | n with COPD | Follow-up | Adjusted risk (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sin et al. [95] | Heart failure | 3834 | median 21 month | 0.78 (0.63–0.95) |
Hawkins et al. [91] | Heart failure | 1258 | median 25 month | 0.74 (0.68–0.80) |
Gottlieb et al. [20] | Myocardial infarction | 41,814 | 2 years | 0.60 (0.57–0.63) |
Chen et al. [97] | Myocardial infarction | 10,988 | 1 year | 0.86 (0.73–1.00) |
Van Gestel et al. [112] | Vascular disease | 1205 | median 5 years | 0.73 (0.60–0.88) |
Au et al. [96] | Hypertension | 1966 | 2 years | 0.57 (0.33–0.89) |
Rutten et al. [99] | COPD primary care | 2230 | 7.2 years | 0.68 (0.56–0.83) |
Lee at al. [102] | Multiple conditions | 1062 | median 44 months | 0.87 (0.67-1.13) |
Dransfield et al. [103] | COPD exacerbation | 825 | — | 0.39 (0.14–0.99) |
Stefan et al. [104] | COPD exacerbation | 10,174 | — | 088 (0.71–1.09) |
Short et al. [101] | COPD primary care | 5977 | 4.3 years | 0.78 (0.67–0.92) |