Table 1 Summary of long-acting bronchodilators including combinations
From: Cutting edge of COPD therapy: current pharmacological therapy and future direction
| Â | Dosing | Reported superiority over other long-acting bronchodilators or ICSs | References |
|---|---|---|---|
LAMAs | Â | Â | Â |
Tiotropium | once-daily | vs. salmeterol: trough FEV1, improving dyspnea, health-related QOL, preventing exacerbations | 27–40 |
Glycopyrronium | once-daily | Â | 41, 42 |
Aclidinium | twice-daily | Â | 43, 44 |
LABAs | Â | Â | Â |
Salmeterol | twice-daily |  | 46–48 |
Formoterol | twice-daily | Â | 49 |
Indacaterol | once-daily | vs. salmeterol or formoterol: trough FEV1 and improving dyspnea | 50–53 |
Olodaterol | once-daily | vs. formoterol: health-related QOL | 54–56 |
LABA/LAMA | Â | Â | Â |
Umeclidinium | once-daily | vs. umeclidinium or vilanterol: trough FEV1, improving dyspnea, health-related QOL | 60–63 |
-Vilanterol | |||
Indacaterol | once-daily | vs. tiotropium: trough FEV1, improving dyspnea, health-related QOL, preventing exacerbations; vs. glycopyrronium: trough FEV1, health-related QOL, preventing exacerbations; vs. indacaterol: trough FEV1, improving dyspnea | 64–66 |
-Glycopyrronium | |||
LABA/ICS | Â | Â | Â |
Fluticasone -Salmeterol | twice-daily | vs. salmeterol or fluticasone: trough FEV1, health-related QOL, preventing exacerbation | 48, 76, 77 |
Budesonid | twice-daily | vs. formoterol: trough FEV1, improving dyspnea, health-related QOL, preventing exacerbations | 78, 79 |
-formoterol | |||
Fluticasone furoate -Vilanterol | once-daily | vs. fluticasone furoate: trough FEV1 | 80 |